Medical Lawand Ethics Essays

Clinical Lawand Ethics Essays Clinical Lawand Ethics Paper Clinical Lawand Ethics Paper In this clinical case, it is depicted how Johnny, a 2-year old kid, has been determined to have Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and necessities blood transfusion quickly since his hemoglobin tally has dropped to radically perilous levels. As indicated by the clinical report introduced for the situation, Johnny could kick the bucket should his hemoglobin keep on diminishing on the grounds that it is basic in conveying oxygenated blood. The issue and moral issue for the situation, in any case, is that the boy’s guardians, Sarah and Tom, are rehearsing Jehovah’s Witnesses, which is a religion that forbids any type of blood transfusion among its individuals. By and by, I accept that having an expert code of morals assumed an indispensable job in activities of the human services group in tending to Johnny’s disease. As expressed for the situation, there are different choices to treat Johnny’s condition. The choices that the group utilized are oral/intravenous/intramuscular arrangements of iron and Epogen, a settlement animating component that can be utilized to trigger the patient’s bone marrow to create fresh blood cells. Notwithstanding, Johnny’s wellbeing kept on breaking down and he required prompt platelet transfusion, which is against the religion of his folks. Be that as it may, a court request decided that if there should arise an occurrence of a perilous condition, the kid must get transfusion thus the guardians had no real option except to permit it. After dissecting this case utilizing the Three-Step Ethics model, three inquiries must be posed: Is it lawful? Is it adjusted? Also, how can it cause one to feel? Obviously, the responses to every one of those inquiries are yes in light of the fact that the human services group could’ve overlooked the patient’s religion and continued promptly with a transfusion. In any case, the group decided to forego the strategy until it is promptly required, which indicated that they acted as per their expert code of morals and the laws of the patient’s religion. Besides, in spite of the fact that Sue, the attendant who controlled the transfusion, felt regretful with her activities, at long last, the outcomes demonstrated gainful to all gatherings. Johnny had the option to recoup from his disease and has been empowered to carry on with a solid life once more. To put it plainly, the activities of the medicinal services group was commonly moral since they practiced judgment dependent on their expert code of morals,, acted by the laws of both the state and the patient’s religion, and the majority of all, spared the evil boy’s life. References McNeil, S. (1997). Johnny’s story: transfusing a Jehovah’s Witness. B. net. Pediatric Nursing. Recovered July 12, 2009 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0FSZ/is_n3_v23/ai_n18607405/? tag=content;col1.

Effects of Cannabis on Cognition Research Paper - 2

Impacts of Cannabis on Cognition - Research Paper Example The utilization of the medication is regular among the youthful and profitable age section that will in general maltreatment the substance for recreation or unwinding. In a perfect world, the impacts of the substance might be broad as they may incorporate loss of focus and decreased arranging abilities.â As indicated by an examination by Grant et al (2011), chips in inside the investigation displayed no earlier issue aside from in the wake of enjoying the utilization of cannabis substance. The investigation looked to set up the impacts of the substance among youngsters over a time of multi week and a year. The discoveries set up that the utilization of the substance massively influenced dynamic and arranging capacities for this age section (Grant et al, 2012). This was a direct result of the utilizing the medication at various interims that thus influenced the neural working and dynamic that prompted the having issues with law specialists. Excessively, the utilization of the medication considers the driving capacities of teenagers that thus pull in the charge of driving affected by an inebriating substance. Furthermore, the investigation likewise demonstrated the substance misuse had impacts on the adolescents’ school execution henceforth expanding the quantity of school dropo uts on account of their restricted profitability in school. Successively, the youngsters who were affected by the medication likewise depicted withdrawal manifestations where they couldn't relate appropriately with their companions who were not enjoying the utilization of the drug. In synopsis, the investigation demonstrated that adolescents and youthful grown-ups were bound to enjoy the substance utilize more than some other age section on account of their misguided thinking and dynamic aptitudes. Furthermore, this age section is progressively helpless to pressure from companions and impact on their conduct thus causing them to enjoy the utilization of the medication (Grant et al, 2012).â

Photophobic

Photophobic As I lay face down struggling to move in a puddle of 40 degree water thinking about the life decisions Ive made to lead me there, I noticed a strange white glint out of the corner of my eye. I turned my head as best I could to get a better look at was was so alluring a distraction in the otherwise utter blackness surrounding me. I recognized it from somewhere, and my mind reeled to remember the name for it. Then all of a sudden I remembered: Moon milk! You see, it was my first time caving (what? What did YOU think was going on?) and I was completely enamored with the thrill of it all. When I strapped on my helmet and pads, in my mind I had the entrance pictured as something youd just waltz into, and the rest of the cave would be a bit like any other moderately difficult hike â€"â€" just underground. Instead, I was met with this as the entrance: As you can see, theres not to fit through there, and its a bit..steep. The nice part though was that though it was about 10F degrees outside, it warmed up to a comparatively balmy 40F inside the cave. (Turns out caves maintain a near constant temperature throughout the year. Its one of those things that makes perfect sense once you think about it, but Id just never thought about it before.) I immediately gained a new appreciation for why we all wore helmets and knee pads. After a few tight squeezes, it opened up into a large room that you could stand upright in, appropriately called The Big Room (though given the size of other passages in the cave, thats not exactly a difficult title to win.). I actually dont have too many photos from the trip, because the majority of our time was spent crawling on my face through cracks, or over the top of chasms that you could look into and see the glint of lost headlamps, pads, and water bottles. One tight passage in particular put me squeezing through a crack that ran along the floor on my left side, not unlike trying to swim the sidestroke on land. My friends asked me how I was doing: The passage was so narrow that I had to take off my helmet and push it in front of me. It felt like a good thing to take a picture of, so I did my best: And if youre curious how much of this squeeze I had left in front of me: Needless to say, caving gets you sore in weird places. As we were wrapping things up though, one of the last rooms we went through had a bit of water in it. And when I mean a bit, I really mean we were wading through it, and ducking under arches trying to keep as much as dry as possible. Almost immediately after emerging from the water, we saw signs that we were nearing the end of the line: Which meant that once we emerged, soaking wet, we would emerge into back into the icy cold outside. The trip leader advised us to untie any knots, undo any zippers, and try to run back to the car as quickly as possible. Once there, wed shed our wet clothes as quickly as possible, throw on some dry ones, jump into the car and crank the heat. Easier said then done. I was mentally prepared for it, and I unfastened anything that was in danger of freezing shut, but its the most bizarre feeling to be running in clothes that are freezing solid while youre wearing them. They just get stiffer and stiffer. By the time we got to the car, I was pretty cold, and I could definitely feel it in my hands (or not, as the case was). I managed to get my boots and socks off, but I forgot to take my watch off, so when I tried to take my wet thermal top off, my arm got stuck in the sleeve. And then the combination of my rapidly declining dexterity and the equally rapidly increasing stiffness of what I used to know as my sleeve meant it wasnt coming off. So I just took it as a sunk cost and figured Id work something out. Once inside the car feeling the burning ache of feeling return to my hands and feet, we were ready to bag up our clothes and head out. I jumped out to put my clothes in a bag, and to my surprise they were completely frozen solid. Rock hard. My boot laces looked like uncooked spaghetti. Being from the good ol state of Texas I was in complete awe that something could freeze that fast. Incredible. Whats even more incredible though is that there are a group of people at MIT who do this sort of thing all the time (maybe its that caves are dark and MIT students are largely nocturnal?). The MIT Caving Club will gladly take anyone with an interest in shucking off all evolutionary progress back into the caves. Its just one of the rich multitude of student groups and activities you can participate in while youre here at the tvte.

Warning May Cause Death - 949 Words

Warning: May Cause Death Mothers often wonder what the effects of the chemicals that are present in everyday products like plastic and aluminum, and inside of things like cleaning products and the meat we eat, and how it may hurt their families. No matter what product one may use, there seems to be no escaping the dark cloud of dangerous chemicals associated with it. Dana Nachman and Don Hardy, directors of the The Human Experiment, released in October of 2013, try to find the correlation between chemicals humans are exposed to in almost any product and the harmful long-term effects it has, as well as try to push â€Å"green† products that are free of these harmful chemicals. The directors adopt a very anxious tone, due to the fact that these chemicals are affecting millions of people everyday. Nachman and Hardy begin building their argument citing convincing facts and statistics and appealing to pathos as well as logos by showing real accounts of stories from outside sources, as well as a strong negative diction directed toward the industries producing with harmful chemicals. The Human Experiment focuses on two parallel narratives. The primary narrative of the film is the following of accounts of people that are affected by various diseases in which there is no clear understanding as to why these diseases are occurring. Many facts are given as to chemical use in products that the interviewees have used and diseases possibly linked with them. These powerful and emotionalShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : A Cry For Help Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem. Introduction: 1. How much do you know about suicide? 2. Many of you are not familiar with the rising suicide deaths in America. Dealing with the familiarization suicide shouldn’t be too difficult. 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Two Mad Scientists a Comparison of Hawthorne’s Short...

Contents Contents 2 1. Introduction 3 2. A Comparison of Hawthorne’s Short Stories â€Å"The Birthmark† and 3 â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter† 3 3.1 The Role of the Scientist 3 3.2 The Role of the Wife and daughter 4 3.3 Nature vs. Science 5 3. Conclusion 6 Works Cited 7 Honestly Declaration 8 1. Introduction In the main part of the following paper with the topic â€Å"Two Mad Scientists: A Comparison of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Short Stories â€Å"The Birthmark† and Rappaccini’s Daughter† I will offer a comparison of selected aspects, since the space is limited. First of all I will concentrate on the comparison between Aylmer, the scientist which is presented in†¦show more content†¦Aylmer wants to remove something which is already existent, his wife’s birthmark. In contrast, Dr. Rappaccini modified his daughter with the help of scientific methods from the moment she was born when he connected her life to the poisonous shrub in his garden. 2.1 The Role of the Wife and Daughter Just like the two scientists, the two female characters have several similarities to offer. Both, Georgiana and Beatrice are beautiful women which became victims of the scientific obsession of their husband and father. Georgiana is described as a beautiful woman and also Beatrice is characterized as â€Å"a young girl, arrayed with as much richness of taste as the most splendid of the flowers, beautiful as the day.† After their description of beauty and pureness their ‘mistake’ is revealed. Georgiana carries a hand-shaped birthmark on her cheek, which was loved and cherished by her former lovers, envied by other women but hated by her own husband. Also Beatrice’s dark character treats are revealed when the young Giovanni Guasconti observed her poisonous breath and her relationship to the mysterious shrub. Thus Beatrice can be compared to the flowers in Dr. Rappaccini’s garden; she is beautiful but poisoned. At the end of the short stories both of the young females die and their former beauty and perfection are destroyed. While Georgiana dies after her husband tried to remove her birthmark, Beatrice dies

Does Sex and Violence on Television Have a Negative Effect on Children Free Essays

Does sex and violence on television have negative effects on children? The issue that I am addressing is the effect of sex and violence in the media on children. As long as there has been television, there has been an association made between media and violence – children who repeated what they saw on cartoons leading to their death, teenagers injured while emulating a popular movie, and mass killings blamed on video games. Primarily this relationship has been assumed to be causal with television being the assumed central cause in violent or risky behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Sex and Violence on Television Have a Negative Effect on Children? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once you begin delving into the roots of violent and risky behavior, however, the association between modeled violence and expressed violence becomes less and less obvious. Violence in society in general is complicated and requires unpacking so that each aspect of the roots of violence can be analyzed and ultimately discussed in a meaningful way, including acknowledging that the origins are just as layered and complex as the solutions. Summary of Internet Information I began looking into various studies and articles about violence in media to see what kind of information was already available on the subject. There were a number of points of view represented, however, none of them outright dismissed that there was some relationship between sex and violence in the media and violent behavior. The studies also generally agreed that the complexities of violent behavior may potentially be ultimately unknowable because of that complexity. What may drive one person to violence may have little to no effect on another or the level of exposure to images of sex and violence in combination with other influences, including parental and peer attitudes towards sex and violence, may be a stronger relationship than media influence alone. The article â€Å"It’s not all sex and violence† by Agustin Fuentes set the tone for how I came to look at my research because it brought up the important point that sex and violence are over emphasized in modern culture and can give the false impression that sex and violence are at the very center of every human motivation rather than showing the reality that sex and violence are merely two aspects of the human experience, rather than central or common. The topics are scintillating and therefore more discussed. I also included research done to determine the effect of three safe sex campaigns run on Netherlands television during the mid-1990’s in order to see if there were positive messages that were also being sent on television about sex and sexual behavior (â€Å"Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? †), an evaluation of three Dutch campaigns that determined that the campaigns were successful in their goals of increasing safe sex practices in the Netherlands. I wanted to see if positive messages about sex and sexual behavior also had an effect on teenagers and young adults as this could be associated back to imitating modeled behavior in general. The determination in the case of the Dutch safe sex campaigns was that effectiveness of the televised messages was related not only to the message itself, but also to the amount of exposure the subject had to the message. Those who were more exposed to the messages were more likely to engage in safe sex than those who were less exposed or not exposed at all. In â€Å"Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior† by Richard Felson discussed in detail the difficulties of studying the effects of media violence on children because it’s difficult to measure intent and the inherent issues present in building experiments that have the greatest possibility of delivering reasonable results. It was the most comprehensive and inclusive article that I read as it looked at a number of different methods of measuring media effects on children – ultimately demonstrating that there is a provable corollary between exposure to violence seen on television and later violent behavior, however, the media input was shown to be part of a greater set of environmental concerns. What I could determine from my sources was that the greatest issue faced by researchers interested in studying the possible corollary between seeing sex and violence on television and that exposure being the driving force for later acts of violence by the subject is that there is no consensus in the data. Replicating a real world experience in the laboratory requires introducing controls that may cause the subject or subjects to feel freer to engage in extreme behavior as the environment created in the experiment can lack the third-party controls that exist in the real world. There is also some difficulty in repeating the results regardless of the conclusions drawn from the data. Additionally, there are complications where the studies are not necessarily using the same metrics in their research so their conclusions may be similar or even confirm the findings of other research but not using the same methodology. The scientific method relies primarily on replication of results when executing the same experiment and that doesn’t seem to be happening in the research done on this topic. The shared determinations between each of my sources all acknowledged the shortcomings in the research; however, this did not prevent them from coming to some kind of conclusion. The most common conclusion was that there was a relationship, however, that relationship was not a direct one to one corollary. This was true for both negative and positive messages. The general acknowledgements is that while there is an association between exposure to messages in sex and violence in the media, that these messages were not necessarily a driving force in later acts of violence, but were certainly a factor in later acts of violence. Summary of a Research Study The research study that I am summarizing is â€Å"Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? An evaluation of three Dutch campaigns† by M. C. Yzer, F. W. Siero, and B. P. Buunk. The research was designed to establish the effectiveness of Dutch safe sex campaigns that were run between 1994 and 1996. There were several metrics being measured, â€Å"improved attitudes, perceived social norms, self-efficacy and intentions regarding safer sex (Yzer, Siero Buunk, 1999) The methodology of the study was to use a representative sample of the Dutch population and then ask them to answer electronic questionnaires where you could not advance through to the next question without answering previous questions in order to minimize missing data. Each participant was issued a unique PIN number in order to further identify the participants. There were also five waves of questionnaires, and an individual participant could be eligible for more than one of these waves, however, they could only participate in one wave. The PIN numbers were also used to ensure that there were no duplicate participants from wave to wave. These methods were also employed to exclude testing effects, history effects, cultural changes and sample differences as alternative explanations for the data collected. (Yzer, Siero Buunk, 1999) The questionnaires measured attitudes towards safe sex practices, social norms , â€Å"self-efficacy† (Yzer, Siero Buunk, 1999), and whether or not the participant intended to engage in safe sex practices in the future. The key results in this study were that while the initial levels of positive attitudes and practices of safe sex, there was indeed room for an increase in those metrics. The increases were the most steep immediately after a campaign aired, but that uptick did not dip below the previous level but maintained over time. It was also shown that increases were not always across the board in every category during every campaign. There were different effects that depended on which campaign was aired. When split out into separate categories, â€Å"self-efficacy was enhanced by the 1994 campaign, and that intentions were enhanced by the 1994 and 1995 campaigns. To summarize, all target variables were generally more positive with respect to safer sex after a campaign than before. † (Yzer, Siero Buunk, 1999) The thesis of the experiment was the following: 1. Attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy and intentions would become more favorable towards safer sex in response to each of the 1994, 1995 and 1996 campaigns. 2. In the period of time after the 1996 campaign when no campaign was conducted (but in a similar time interval as between the 1994 but in a similar time interval as between the 1995 and 1996 campaigns), attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy and intentions would become less favorable towards safer sex. (Yzer, Siero Buunk, 1999) The data showed that after the campaigns were aired, that all of the measured areas showed an increase both short-term and long-term. They also noticed that there was a quick uptick in positive feelings shortly after a campaign was aired. Overall, the campaigns served to uphold and enhance already present social norms and attitudes towards safe sex and safe sex practices. The conclusions of this study also confirmed the conclusions of a study done in Germany that evaluated German safer sex campaigns. How this relates to the issue of what effect sex and violence on television effects children is that there is here a strong relationship between media messages and future behavior and that this relationship is related to amount of exposure to the message. It was already well established that there was an agreed upon corollary between violence seen on television and violent behavior, however, this study shows that the relationship is also built on frequency of exposure to the medium. Additionally, there can be changes in different areas over time, which shows the diversity of how media messages influence people and how that influence can be different while still present. Critical Analysis of Internet Information and Research Study In â€Å"It’s not all sex and violence† by Agustin Fuentes, the information provided by Dr. Fuentes is factual and points out that human beings are diverse and complex beings driven by a variety of things. The overemphasis on sex and violence in media is pervasive and dangerous to how we see ourselves as human beings. The amount of cooperation, joy, sharing, etc. that human beings do far outweigh the amount of violence we engage in as a species. However, we as a species are also fascinated with sex and violence and seek out that information – drawing focus towards it, rather than acknowledging their purpose and role in life and placing it among everything else in life, maintaining perspective. The evidence that is used is a walk through the development of human societies and what scientists know about the behavior of our ancestors and the results of primatological research with social behavior of primates. He shows that the majority of the behavior that we engage in is positive and helping behaviors, rather than negative behaviors. The strength of the evidence is weak, but the piece is intended to be an emotional appeal that includes appeals to the intellect. Because of the rhetorical mode of the piece, this is to be expected and does not immediately remove it from consideration as a good source of information. In â€Å"Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? † there is a great deal of factual evidence supported by strong evidence with a reasonable and intelligent analysis of the data gathered from their research. The strength of the evidence is significant, especially in light of the inclusion of the information that a German study came to similar conclusions. â€Å"Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior† is a research study that gathers a number of different research studies and provides that data along with the conclusions of the author. The information is good and because of the amount of provided data, the reader can see where the author’s conclusions came from. Because of this article’s appearance in a peer-reviewed journal, it can be assumed to be a trustworthy source of information with strong evidence supporting its conclusions. Conclusion In answer to the specific question as to whether or not sex and violence on television is harmful to children – there is no simple answer. Through looking at the evidence, there is an undeniable effect of what people see on television and their future behavior, but that link is not causal. The factors that exist in order to drive an individual to violence are difficult to measure due to basic problems with creating appropriate test trials, the complexity of human nature, and the overwhelming amount of input that everyone has on a regular basis. A worthwhile avenue for research would be to measure exposure to specific stimuli in media messages and whether or not it’s the amount of sex and violence that someone is exposed to that is the deciding factor in future behavior. Another avenue would be to do a longitudinal study of children of ifferent socio-economic backgrounds to see what other factors exist (exposure to violence in daily life, attitudes about sex, etc. ) along with measuring how the child is interpreting the media messages that it is exposed to along with the frequency of that exposure. It would be holistic, but perhaps prohibitively complex and long term to execute. What remains unknown is what the full impact of media messages on children is, there is an effect, that’s undeniable, but that effect is clearly influenced by a variety of factors and may only be a reflection of what the child has already learned elsewhere. References Bushman, B. (2013). Why do people deny violent media effects?. Psychology Today, Retrieved from http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/get-psyched/201302/why-do people-deny-violent-media-effects Felson, R. (1996) Mass media effects on violent behavior. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 103-128 . Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org. libproxy. uml. edu/stable/2083426 Fuentes, A. (2013). Busting myths about human nature. Psychology Today, Retrieved from http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/busting-myths-about-human- nature/201302/it-s-not-all-sex-and-violence Walker, M. (1983). Some problems in interpreting statistics relating to crime. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 146(3), 281-293 . Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org. libproxy. uml. edu/stable/2981656 Yzer, M. C. , Siero, F. W. Buunk, B. P. (1999). Can public campaigns effectively change psychological determinants of safer sex? An evaluation of three Dutch campaigns. Health Education Research, 15(3), 339-352. Retrieved from http://her. oxfordjournals. org/content/15/3/339. full How to cite Does Sex and Violence on Television Have a Negative Effect on Children?, Papers

Hybrid Cloud Computing Environment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Hybrid Cloud Computing Environment. Answer: Introduction Headspace organization is aiming to develop a system named My Health Record system that would capture the story of the patients at the very first time it is told. This eliminates the need of retelling the story every time the patient visits a new professional. A cloud-based solution is determined to be used in this project for its accessibility and the cost effectiveness. The report discusses the cloud based solution, which would be perfect to implement in this project along with the SDLC approach that is to be considered for developing the project. The non-functional requirements of the project along with a detailed description of the cloud based solution and SDLC approach are elaborated in the following paragraphs (Steele, Min Lo, 2012). The non-functional requirements of the system help in identifying the different criteria that would be important to consider in maintaining a smooth operation of a system. It is very different from the functional requirements as the functional requirements define the essential phases of the non-functional requirement (Chung, Nixon Mylopoulos, 2012). The different non-functional requirements that are identified for the development of My Health Record System are elaborated below. The functionality of the system defines the different functions that a system performs in order to maintain a smooth operation of the system. The primary functionality that this system must perform is the storage of the patients health record. Therefore, it is mandatory for the system to incorporate features such as add, edit and update of data. Usability of a system is another major criterion for determining the non functional requirements of the system. The system should be easily accessible to the users and therefore, a simple and easy interface can be considered as another non-functional requirement for the project. The system is designed keeping in mind the advantages of digital data keeping, one of which is the elimination of hassle of manual data access. Therefore, the including an option of data recovery is an essential non-functional requirement that is needed to be considered for the system. A system is needed to deliver high performance level, as it is one of the major aspects of this system. The data accessibility should be efficient enough and the data should remain accessible 24*7. Therefore, the adaptability of this system to different devices is considered other major non-functional requirements of the system. The system that is to be developed for storing the patients health records into the system. This data is sensitive and therefore proper security measures are essential to implement to protect this data from unauthorized access (Kulkarni et al., 2012). Therefore, it is a major non-functional requirement of the system. Access control is necessary in order to preserve the sensitive nature of the documents that would be stored into the system. Functional and Non-functional Requirements The difference between the functional and non-functional requirement of the project is that the incorporation of non-functional requirements in a project increases the performance and robustness of the system to a greater extent. Functional requirement on the other hand mainly deals with the technical requirements of the system. Authorization is a functional requirement of the system while ensuring proper security count as a non-functional requirement. Therefore, it can be said that the functional and no-functional requirement of the system is related. Defining the different authorization levels help in access control of the system (Pearce Bainbridge, 2014). Usability and functionality of the software refers to the different non-functional requirement of the system, while the functional requirement of the system includes a quick access of the patients data stored, in form of summary statement. Functional requirements are therefore essential for system implementation while the non-functional requirement of the system is responsible for enhancing the performance of the system and therefore, the different non-functional requirements identified for the development of My Health Record System should be considered for project development. The Chosen Cloud Environment: Hybrid Cloud The Hybrid cloud environment is chosen appropriate for the project under consideration because of the limitation of the other two cloud environment. The public cloud environment is easier to implement and offers a wide range of advantages, however there are many security concerns associated with the public cloud. Considering the sensitive nature of the data and the medical health records of the patients, it is not a good idea to implement the system on public cloud. Public cloud environment is prone to severe attacks and therefore securing the data over public cloud would be a risky task (AlZain et al., 2012). Therefore, this cloud environment cannot be considered in this case. Private cloud on other hand although is more secure than public cloud environment, implementation of the same is costly and the access to the data is very limited. The limited accessibility of the data can hinder the exact cause of implementation of this system. The main idea behind the implementation of this system is string the health records of the patients so that every time they visit a new professional they need not repeat their stories. Limited access to data can become a hindrance in fulfilling the primary objective of the system and therefore should be avoided. Hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud that offers all the benefits of a public cloud eliminates the problem of limited accessibility of the system. This allows only the authorized person in accessing the system. Implementation of hybrid cloud therefore is a good alternative to be considered for the system (Galibus Vissia, 2015). The strength and weaknesses of the hybrid cloud environment is elaborated in the following paragraphs. Strength of Hybrid Cloud The strength of hybrid cloud environment are listed below- The major benefit of implementing this system in a hybrid cloud environment is that it offers all the benefits of a public cloud and the system is secure enough to store the confidential data of the patient (Li et al., 2015). Hybrid cloud is very easy to implement and number of attacks recorded in a hybrid cloud is much less than that of public cloud. The hybrid cloud environment is easier to access as compared to the private cloud (Li et al., 2013). The weaknesses of implementing the system in a hybrid cloud environment are listed below- A hacker can target the data movement in and out of the public and private cloud environment. with an intension of data stealing. The cost of implementation of hybrid cloud is more than that of public cloud, as the initial investment to the system is considerably high (Chen Zhao, 2012). The Two SDLC Approach: Predictive and Adaptive The software development life cycle or the SDLC management approach describes the different phases associated with the software development life cycle such as the planning phase, the implementation phase and the testing phase. Different approaches of SDLC are present out of which the predictive and the adaptive SDCL approaches are elaborated in the following paragraphs. This approach is called predictive as the different phases of the software development are predicted or determined before the initiation of the project. This is more like the traditional waterfall approach where each phases of the software development follows a definite method. The completion of each phase marks the beginning of the next phase in software development (Tuteja Dubey, 2012). The scope and project deliverable is clear and pre determined in this approach and therefore this type of SDLC is easier to implement. The pros and cons of the predictive SDLC are elaborated in the following paragraphs. The advantages of the software development life cycle are listed below- The project is generally completed within the scheduled time by following this approach as the scope and schedule of the project remains clear throughout the project implementation. The project requirements remain clear and unchanged throughout the project and therefore this type of project generally does not require budget revision. Documentation control is another major aspect of this approach, which is a plus point. The disadvantages of using predictive SDLC approach are listed below- The project scope that is set at the initiation of the project cannot be changed while the project is implemented. The project is needed to follow the planned phases and therefore implementation of a new feature in the software later is not possible. Adaptive SDLC Approach While the predictive SDLC approach follows the waterfall project methodology, the adaptive SDLC approach is similar to the agile project development methodology. This type of methodology is implemented when the scope of the project is not clear. This allows the benefit of incorporating different features while the project is in the development stage and therefore, sometimes it becomes difficult to complete the project within a set time (Balaji Murugaiyan, 2012). The pros and cons of adaptive SDLC are elaborated in the following paragraphs. The different advantages of using the adaptive SDLC management are listed below- The system under development can be modified while the project is being implemented The testing procedures and the presence of feedback path helps in developing a bug free product The cons of adaptive SDLC are listed below- The project becomes difficult to complete within set time The cost of implementation is high The project of developing My health record system has clear scope and requirements and is needed to be completed as soon as possible. Therefore, it is recommended to use predictive SDLC approach for the development of this project (Mahalakshmi Sundararajan, 2013). Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the development of this system in a hybrid cloud environment would be beneficial for the organization. The report discusses the pros and cons of developing the system in a hybrid cloud environment along with the recommendation of using a proper SDLC approach of product development. The project is to be developed keeping in mind the identified non-functional requirements of the system. References AlZain, M. A., Pardede, E., Soh, B., Thom, J. A. (2012, January). Cloud computing security: from single to multi-clouds. In System Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 5490-5499). IEEE. Balaji, S., Murugaiyan, M. S. (2012). Waterfall vs. V-Model vs. Agile: A comparative study on SDLC. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 2(1), 26-30. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. In Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Chung, L., Nixon, B. A., Yu, E., Mylopoulos, J. (2012). Non-functional requirements in software engineering (Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Galibus, T., Vissia, H. E. R. M. (2015). Cloud storage security. Proc NSCE, 2014, 123-127. Jain, A. K., Nandakumar, K. (2012). Biometric Authentication: System Security and User Privacy. IEEE Computer, 45(11), 87-92. Kulkarni, G., Gambhir, J., Patil, T., Dongare, A. (2012, June). A security aspects in cloud computing. In Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on (pp. 547-550). IEEE. Li, J., Li, Y. K., Chen, X., Lee, P. P., Lou, W. (2015). A hybrid cloud approach for secure authorized deduplication. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(5), 1206-1216. Li, Q., Wang, Z. Y., Li, W. H., Li, J., Wang, C., Du, R. Y. (2013). Applications integration in a hybrid cloud computing environment: Modelling and platform. Enterprise Information Systems, 7(3), 237-271. Mahalakshmi, M., Sundararajan, M. (2013). Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum MethodologyA Comparative Study.International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,3(6), 192-196. Pearce, C., Bainbridge, M. (2014). A personally controlled electronic health record for Australia. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(4), 707-713. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016). Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Steele, R., Min, K., Lo, A. (2012). Personal health record architectures: technology infrastructure implications and dependencies. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 63(6), 1079-1091. Tuteja, M., Dubey, G. (2012). A research study on importance of testing and quality assurance in software development life cycle (SDLC) models. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 2(3), 251-257

Marcus James Essays - Let Go, Boi, , Term Papers

Marcus James Preface I chose a dramatic piece, it is a play follows a group of office workers who complain about their life at work while on a lunch hour, the boss comes in and then they try to explain to him their situations. The purpose of this piece is to explain to others some of the effects of using technology in the workplace. I chose this genre because I wanted to present the research in a re latable yet informative manner. I thought a play would real ly grasp the reader's attention, through the use of dialect. I was inspired to write this piece because of the nature of the genre and how easy it is to read and follow a play about any specific topic. This piece would most likely appeal to adults who are already working in the workplace, or it can also appeal to students in secondary school who are preparing to go out into the working world. Finally, a piece like this wo uld most likely be found in an online article or in an office circular. In this way it will reach the adult audience or anyone else who plans to work in an office environment in the future. Word Count: 199 words Reflective "Office Woes" Four workers are chatting in the lunch room over a lunch hour, they begin to discuss the problems they are having in the workplace and how they relate to the technology they use every day. Enter Bill, Stan, Josh and Tom into the lunch room Stan: Aye Josh you finish dah project as yet boi . Josh : No boi, my back rel hurtin' meh, I cyah function for the rest of de day . Bill: Daiz cause every day so we hunching over de damn computers and dem boi, dis sitting down staring at the computer whole day go be rel bad for us in the future . Tom: Bill what stupidness you talking; I working with ah computer for nearly ten years now and I doh have no problems . Stan: Is true what he saying boi Tom, watch how you had to get glasses, I was reading ah article about how watching de computer screen for so long does ruin your vision . Bill: A h next ting that could happen is we get rel stressed out boi, watch how Stan sprout bout 50 grey hair in de last couple months boi . Josh: Yea boi I had to teach myself how to use some new program on de computer and I was rel stressed out . Stan: Ah next ting is all these email and ting coming in does be rel distracting, I was trying to finish ah project de oder day and I could hardly concentrate to finish de project boi . Josh: De emails does be coming all kinda 11 o'clock in the night and ting to inno das rel invasion of my personal time . Tom: My neck does be straini ng be too boi, dey say de chair we sitting in supposed to help dat but it not doing nuttin' . Bill: (laughing) Dem chairs as old as my nenen boi! Tom: We shouldn't even be sitting down all day in dem chairs boi, the average human should be getting at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day Stan : Dis technology does be causing rel social problems too boi, if I want to talk to somebody all I hadda to is send dem ah instant message . Josh: (texting Bill on his cell phone) How y'all talking like issa fish market so? Bill: (after r eading the text) Boi Josh ah right here, why you texting me? Tom: An' yuh see how dey catch Jerry de other day boi, he was doing some hacking or something so on his computer trying to transfer all the business earnings to his bank account . Stan: Steups! Technology could make it rel easy to tief boi . Bill: I was even readin' dis article about how some study showed that the exposure to de light from a computer could cause depression. Tom: Boi ah next article say how dat s ame exposure

The Early Chesapeake and New England Regions essays

The Early Chesapeake and New England Regions essays While both the New England and Chesapeake regions of America were settled by Englishmen, each developed into two very different regions with their own cultures, laws, and ideas. The three main differences in each region were economy, living conditions, and religious fervor. First, the two regions differed economically. In Maryland and Virginia, settlers began to establish large tobacco plantations during the 1610s and started exporting large tobacco crops after 1617, as they were a more wealth-driven society than New England. In contrast, New Englanders established small farms, on which they raised corn and wheat, sheep, beef cattle, vegetables, and dairy cattle. Moreover, unlike Virginia and Maryland, New England teemed with small shopkeepers. New England also created towns with a sense of togetherness, whereas the Chesapeake region was made up of loosely scattered independent tobacco plantations. Second, living conditions differed in the Chesapeake and New England regions. In the Chesapeake, hot, humid summers, the grueling trip over from England, and the poor water supply all facilitated the spread of diseases. Moreover, landlords overworked beat and even killed their indentured servants. Consequently, the lifespan in the Chesapeake region was somewhere under 40 years. In contrast, New England's weather made it less likely to house disease. Furthermore, the labor requirements of New England were much less than that of the indentured servants of the Chesapeake, thus limiting fatigue. In New England, one would expect to live to the age of 60. Third, the degree of religious fervor differed in New England and the Chesapeake regions. The Pilgrims came to Massachusetts in 1620 to establish an ideal Christian community. Likewise, in 1630 John Winthrop and other Puritans had settled in the Massachusetts Bay are to establish a "City upon a Hill," which Winthrop hoped would be a pious and ethical community. To serve in the ...

Cultural Histories & Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural Histories & Theories - Essay Example (Musson, 159) Britain, the centre ÃŽ ¿f a world-wide empire, the greatest free-trade market, drawing on the whole globe for foodstuffs and raw materials and still also the largest exporter ÃŽ ¿f manufactures, was the hub ÃŽ ¿f world sea-borne trade: in the period before 1913 about 40 per cent ÃŽ ¿f that trade was with the UK, and over half ÃŽ ¿f it was carried in British ship. Thus British shipyards had huge home and overseas markets. Expansion ÃŽ ¿f production and trade was accompanied by changing industrial organization. Though many combined firms existed, were generally much bigger than woollen mills. The traditional small West Riding clothiers and the associated cloth-halls were declining, with the development ÃŽ ¿f larger-scale factory and mercantile organization and more direct trading relationships, though small firms and mills still abounded. However, the real problem, in fact, was that ÃŽ ¿f developing new industries alongside the old, while the latter still continued to grow profitably. It appears, however, that there were plenty ÃŽ ¿f savings and capital resources that might have been used for new industrial developments. British overseas investments or capital exports continued to grow prodigiously. Cotton is still the biggest manufacture in textile industry. (Sykas 2007) In the 1907 Census ÃŽ ¿f Production, the labour force in spinning and weaving factories increased from 331000 in 1850 to 577000 in 1907, while production and trade rose much more, as indicated by the figures ÃŽ ¿f raw cotton consumption and exports. Mechanization was carried further, not only with more mules, spindles and power-looms but larger, faster-running and more efficient machines, driven by more powerful and economical steam-engines. Fixed capital therefore grew more rapidly than the number ÃŽ ¿f worker, and productivity increased, especially in the first half ÃŽ ¿f this period.

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Personal Statement Example This prompted me to transfer to the United States. Moving to the United States was an easy choice because it is one of the most developed countries in the world. In addition, the country has one of the highest rated education systems in the world, with excellent teaching and learning facilities. The United States also has one of the best business environments in the world, with infrastructure and credit facilities available to support all types of business. In addition, the University of California and the California State University are one of the most prestigious colleges in the world. In terms of schooling and future job prospects, I am sure that coming to the United States is the best decision I have made in my life. I have met many people here, and most of them have influenced me in a very positive way. I have always been interested in business. In fact, it is more than an interest; it is a passion. I hope to establish my own company in the United States and live the American dream. I am ready to put in the hours to make this dream possible. My passion for business is evident in the fact that I started managing my first business when I was only fourteen years old. My family owns a business and I was determined to contribute towards its success. I also wanted to self-actualize myself by translating my passion into hard work and tangible results. Therefore, I helped my father run the business and gained invaluable experience in this regard. I was very excited to manage this business because it was located just across my school, giving it a lot of attention and customers. My fellow students always came to the store and admired the work I did. However, when I went to school in the United States I left the store in my father’s management. During my time working at the store, my f ather informed me that revenues increased by 10% because of my ability to influence my colleagues in school to buy more products from the store. The

Diabetes Mellitus in the emergency services

Diabetes Mellitus in the emergency services Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical issues affecting people today. There are two types of diabetes. The first is type one, it is often referred to as juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes. Patients with this type of diabetes are often diagnosed with the disorder early in life but in rare occasions it can be diagnosed as late as forty years of age. People with type one diabetes make up between ten and twenty percent of all diabetics. Men are also more common to be diagnosed with type one diabetes. While it is not fully known why people develop diabetes it is know that it is a genetic disorder and can be passed down from generation to generation. People with siblings with this disorder increase there chance of developing type one diabetes by six percent. The reason it is often called insulin dependent diabetes is because the body does not form any insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas, so there for the patient need to take daily insulin shots to keep the ir blood sugar low. Type two diabetes is often referred to as adult onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes and make up the remaining eighty to ninety percent of diabetics. Patients with this form of the disorder often do have some type of insulin production by the beta cells in the pancreas but just do not produce enough to maintain in their body. Also in some cases the patients develops a type of insulin resistance where their body does not use the insulin that in naturally produced by their body correctly or efficiently. In most cases this type of diabetes can be controlled by a strict diet or use of oral medications. The diet of a patient with type two diabetes often includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products. Patients with type two diabetes what to avoid high amounts of sugars, trans-fats and sodium. When a patient eats large amounts of calories and fat, their body then causes a spike in their blood glucose level. Type two diabetes can sometim es also be reversed with exercise to lose excess weight. People with family members with type two diabetes have a ten to fifteen percent increased risk of developing this disorder. Two types of issues arise with diabetes. Sometimes the patients blood glucose level is too high and sometimes it is too high. When it is too low it is call hypoglycemia. A patient is usually determined to be suffering from hypoglycemia when their blood glucose level is below 60mg/dL. When the body is in a state of hypoglycemia the body automatically slows insulin production and increases glucagon production by alpha cells. Often times hypoglycemia in both type one and type to diabetics is due to over medication of injected insulin. It can also be caused by exercise, malnutrition and alcohol consumption. Over time the pancreases ability to produce glucagon is sometimes decreased making it harder to raise blood glucose levels during hypoglycemia. When a patient has a high blood glucose level it is called hyperglycemia. A patient is usually considered hyperglycemic if their blood glucose level is above 300 mg/dL. Hyperglycemia occurs because the body is unable to produce insulin to prom ote uptake of glucose from the cells. There are two sub-types of hyperglycemia. The first is diabetic ketoacidosis or DKA. This type of hyperglycemia is most often found in patients with type one diabetes because DKA occurs when there is little or no insulin in the body causing the blood glucose level to soar. It can be caused by untreated type one diabetes or excess glycogen production due to stress. Patients in DKA often present with a blood glucose level above 350mg/dL. Due to the lack of insulin the body then uses fats as metabolic fuels and ketoacidosis is developed. The other type of hyperglycemia is called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma. This occurs most often in patients with type two diabetes. Because patients with type two diabetes still produce some insulin, unlike in DKA the body is still able to move sugar into the cells and not have to use the fatty tissue from the body. Patients experiencing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma usually have blood glu cose levels of 600 and above. Diabetes has a large impact on pre hospital emergency medicine because often when people are having hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic emergencies paramedics are the first to treat these patients. Sometimes when paramedics are dispatched to these calls the caller may not know what is exactly wrong with the patient. Patients in a hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic crisis may present in a variety of ways. The key with these kinds of patients is to keep a high index of suspicion. Like previously stated patients having diabetic issues may present in a variety of ways. Patients suffering from hypoglycemia will often present with hunger, nausea and weakness. Due to poor cardiac output of the body the patient will often present with a rapid and weak pulse. The patient will also present with seizures or small twitches. Lastly the most common symptom is altered mental status. The patient can present in total unconsciousness, drowsiness, confusion or even aggravated and violent. Change in mental status usually comes with a quick onset because once the body is insulin deprived the brain is the first body structure to suffer because the brain uses glucose as an energy source. When the patient present with the altered mental status it can mimic many other conditions. The patient can look as if he or she is intoxicated because of their lack of coordination and aggravated attitude. They are sometimes so combative that it may be difficult to effectively assess them. Hypog lycemia can also mimic a stroke. Due to its effect on the nervous system the patient may present with weakness on one side for no apparent reason. Lastly the patient may present like a person experiencing epileptic seizures. The seizures are also a result of the brains lack of glucose. These seizures can be all types; they can be full body grand maul seizures or partial seizures that only affect certain parts of the body. It is very important that paramedics indentify that these symptoms are underlying symptoms of hypoglycemia and treat the true problem correctly. Patients who are experiencing hyperglycemia have some similar symptoms to hypoglycemia but also distinguishing symptoms that are different. One of the distinguishing groups of symptoms is the polys. These symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. Polyuria is defined as excess urination, polydipsia is extreme thirst and lastly polyphagia is the feeling of extreme hunger. Like patients experiencing hypoglycemia these patients will present with tachycardia and altered LOC. One symptom that is specific to DKA is kussmaul respirations with fruity smell to their breath. This type of breathing is when the patient had rapid and deep respirations. The reason for this is because the body is breaking down fats due to the lack of insulin the body enters into a state of metabolic acidosis. The deep respirations is the bodys way to blow off carbon dioxide to make the body more alkolidic and return the bodys pH level to normal. The patient will also present with a fruity smell on their breath when experiencing DKA. This is due to the ketones being broken down in the body. HHNCs only distinguishing factor is the lack of kussmaul respirations and the fruity breath odor. Many social and ethical issue can and do arise when treating patients with this condition. One social issue is that this problem occurs quite often with homeless and improvised persons. This is because they are often not able to get the proper medications and also not eat proper meals to keep their blood sugar at a normal level. Also these types of patients are sometimes known to drink alcohol and skip out on meals. The combination of malnutrition and alcohol consumption will cause diabetes to worsen significantly. One social and ethical issue is seeing through the symptoms that sometimes indicate other medical problems and determining that the patient is suffering from a diabetic emergency. Patients sometimes present identically to how a person who is severely intoxicated would. These patients can often be rude and violent. It could be very easy to mistake a hypoglycemic patient with an intoxicated individual and have the police transport them to the jail without ever obtaining a BG L check to determine the true problem. This mistake could cause the patient further internally injury and even death. The key with these types of patients is to keep a high index of suspicion. Lastly a common ethical issue is when to let these types of patients refuse care. Often times EMS will arrive and treat the patients symptoms and bring them back to their normal state of consciousness. For many patients it is not the first time the rescue squad has had to respond to their home to reverse their hypoglycemia and do not see a need to go the hospital. The paramedic should try to convince the patient that they should go to the hospital and explain to them the risks of refusing care, but if they still refuse and are alert and oriented the paramedic needs to respect their decision to refuse care and document the event accordingly. One positive thing about encountering a patient with hypoglycemia prehospitaly is that this issue is usually easily reversed. When treating hypoglycemia you want to first asses the patients Airway, breathing and circulation. Patients in hypoglycemia may have decreased respirations so assisting ventilation with a BMV may be necessary. If the patient is breathing at a normal rate they should have oxygen administer to them via a nasal canula or non-rebreather to combat hypoxia. Once ABCs are taken care a blood glucose reading needs to be obtained from the patients finger to confirm that the patient is indeed experiencing hypoglycemia. If the patients BGL is below 60mg/dL first consider 15-30g of oral glucose to be administered only if the patient is conscious and is able to swallow. If IV access can be obtained then 25g of D50 should be administered via IV or IO. If IV access cannot be obtained 1mg of glucagon should be administered IM. The patient should also be hooked up to cardiac mo nitor to rule out cardiac dysrhythmias. In the case of a patient experiencing hyperglycemia first asses the patients Airway, breathing and circulation. Patients in hyperglycemia may have decreased respirations so assisting ventilation with a BMV may be necessary. If the patient is breathing at a normal rate they should have oxygen administer to them via a nasal canula or non-rebreather to combat hypoxia. Once ABCs are taken care a blood glucose reading needs to be obtained from the patients finger to confirm that the patient is indeed experiencing hyperglycemia. If the patient is found to be experiencing hyperglycemia with a BGL of 300mg/dL attempt to obtain IV access and admitter a 250ml/hr fluid bolus with normal saline. This will help combat dehydration associated with hyperglycemia and help thin out the glucose enriched blood. In conclusion diabetes is a true medical emergency. It should be taken very seriously but can often be treated effectively in a pre-hospital setting. Paramedics need to keep a high index of suspicion to make sure they do not misdiagnose patients that are actually having diabetic emergencies.

TV Violence :: essays research papers

TV Violence A major topic of conversation nowadays is whether or not voilence on television causes children to bahave more violently. Shortly after I began to research this topic, I realized that it is not a clear cut issue. Evidence can be easily found to support each position. In the following essay I will examine the different positions that can ba taken on this topic and try ro form my own view on the affect violent TV has on chidren. The first position I will examine is the one in which it is believed that, without a doubt, violent TV increases the likelyhood that a child will behave in a violent manner. This stands is examined in the Maclean's article intitled,"Power to the people. Television's teen Rangers Kick up a storm. The author of this article, Particia Chrisholm, explains a heated debate over the affects that the kids show "The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" has on children. According to this article, the "hemeted lycra covered Rangers" acts as a bad influence on children. Many parents have come to believe that the childen try to act like the kids hreo's. A cocerned mother, Kathryn Flannery went so far as to petition the CRTC. The CRTC responded by saying that "the show is avassively to violent."(Chrisholm 1994 p.52) As a result of the petiton, many stations voluntarily refused to air the controversial kids show. This case shows the power that people can have over the CRTC. Unfortunately, the parents were not able to entirely shield their children from the Power Rangers TV show. Many US broadcasters, available on cable, continued to air the show. Another study that supports this belief that TV violence causes children to act more violently is an experiment conducted by Leonard Eron and his collegues. In these studies, Leonard Eron and his collegues studied childern for a number of years and measuread peer ratings obtained from each child's classmates. By doing this, they could see if violent TV changed the attitudes of the children. In the end, it was concluded that violent TV significantly affected the way in which the children behaved. The other position that can be taken when discussing this issue is one in which people believe that violent TV does not affect the behavior of children. In the Canadian Forum article, "TV and The Child Savers. Bad Habits and The Boob Tube" this position is discussed. The author, Thelma McCormack discusses the goals of the action group that refers to themselves as the Child Savers. According to this article, the Child Savers believe that "Programs which contain gratitous violence will not be shown on television.

Philippine Independent film Essay

Background of the Study Since today is a fast changing world and that media are a big influence to what the society is now, Philippines has no escape to this impact. As a matter of fact, Philippines is one of the countries most influenced by media. From the latest trends of fashion down to which dish washing being used is based on what is seen and heard from different mediums. The media either as forums in which important issues are debated or as storytellers that carry beliefs and values across people, space, and time are central to the creation and maintenance of our various cultures (Baran, 2012). The audiences can take an active role in shaping the culture in the mass communication process that at the same time, shapes them. Media, particularly television are used by media practitioners and media audiences for mass communication purposes to further important social, political, or cultural bases. Television is one of the most used medium today. Watching movies is the cheapest form of entertainment for th e Filipino masses. It affects and echoes what the society is now. From teleseryes to  advertisements, the television has this impact to the viewer’s mind consciously and unconsciously. Thus, giving the media the responsibility to offer the audience ethical and valuable information. A film acts as a medium of communication in the form of language, by means of signs which are used to express the inner reality of movie makers. These are certain values contributed or communicated by movies and they are either beneficial or harmful to the total development of viewers (Maligalig, 1997). Mass Media is one of those factors that affect a person’s value formation among themselves, particularly among the youth. Since Filipinos are fond of entertainment and the television itself, we are easily moved by the fast growing industry. Along with this fast growing industry is the much wider acceptance of audience to the messages conveyed by media. According to Rodman (2006) people become increasingly dependent on media and media content to understand what is going on around them, to learn how to act meaningfully, and to escape. Read more:  Philippine Cinema Analysis Today’s generation, the most current subject is the social and political status of the country, may it be a trend in social media about issues such as sexuality and whether it may be posted as positive or negative. Along with this growing film industries is the freedom of expression to which the Philippine independent film is known. In accordance to this freedom of expression the local film industry has the sky as their limit to whatever they are to portray in their works. Philippine cinema, in short, appears to have reached full circle: it is at the stage of refining and formulating its own conventions and, in the process, getting in close contact with the ferment in the other arts and at the same time, the serious critical attention and concern of people with a broader interest in culture. This is inevitable; as an art form the cinema in the Philippines can no longer remain isolated from the main current of sensibilities and ideas that shape other artistic forms, such as lit erature, painting, the theater, etc. Neither can it fly from the actuality of social life which, after all, is the source of all artistic expression (Daroy, 2014). Philippine independent films being independent to the messages they want the audience to convey must be aware of how they portray their subjects, particularly political and social issues. This is probably the most sensitive topics that the country is facing for many years and in line with this, media are a big contributor to how the people perceive this kind of  medium. In today’s media, movies and films are very well thought and planned that it is not impossible for them to enter the minds of the viewers. It somehow affects and changes their own perceptions about things, may it be positively or negatively. But another concern is how well the viewers are aware of this kind of issues. They can easily take in messages sent by movies or films but cannot filter which is to enter and which is not. As an art form, film reflects the culture and the beliefs of the people it caters to and most of the times is the one who shapes their consciousness (Daroy, 2014). The Philippines is a palimpsest where traditional, modern and postmodern influences manifest themselves contemporaneously. Its politics is traditional, its culture modern and its media postmodern. Understanding the role of new technologies, such as digital media, under circumstances requires an appreciation of incommensurable factors that are nevertheless intercalated. The surface of Philippine politics appears imperturbable but underneath it, notions of the political are being reformulated as a consequence of the new media and its globalizing influence (Pertierra, 2012). As a communication student, the researcher would want to gain more knowledge about the Filipino’s level of awareness to independent films. Whether it mirrors the reality and situations that is happening around or is it just another mere entertainment for them. Indie films as what it is usually called, tackle real life sensitive issues that the society experience. Most commonly they are known for bold exposures of reality. Revealing the truth and setting no boundaries, making it as realistic as it can. But as generation changes so does the film industry. Nowadays, we are inside the mainstream era wherein almost everything in televisions are for trends. On making films that either feeds intellectual hunger or satisfies escapist entertainment lies a very curious and questioning fascination of how Filipinos and the human beings in general relate to each other and to the world. Due to an intellectual hunger that needs to be fed, Philippine independent films confronts real life issues that the society experience while mainstream movies offer the mass market escapist entertainment which divert away from reality (http://www.studymode.com/essays/Philippine-Independent-Films-Versus-Mainstream-Movies-1049850.html., pg. 1). In this generation where indie film is being widely accepted, produced and even nominated in some known film festivals  and gain v arious awards, the researcher considered that it is timely to make a study of Philippine independent film and how it is used as a medium in portraying the country’s political and social issues. Statement of the Problem This study aims to find out the nature of Philippine independent films, how they feature the country’s political and social issues and how they affect the viewers. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: a. sex? b. age? c. religion? d. nationality? e. civil status? f. educational attainment? g. profession? 2. What is the level of exposure of the respondents when it comes to Philippine indie films? 3. What political and social issues are portrayed in Philippine Independent Films? 4. What is the level of effectiveness of Philippine independent films as: a) watchdog? b) forum for exchange of opinions? c) teacher? Significance of the Study Since indie films are racing up to the top and is now more appreciated by the audience, this study would benefit most Filipino viewers. Since it aims to tackle the social and political awareness of Filipinos on what they perceive from Philippine independent films. It can give them consciousness that what is portrayed in televisions are true or not. Give them evaluations to how they will filter the freedom of expression through films and awareness to their contribution to the society’s issues. Specifically, people behind the media can benefit from this study. Since they are a great impact and influence to the viewers. Their awareness and ethical values to how they affect the audience with their works whether it is proficient and  educational or just another form of entertainment that allows the people to escape the real problems of life. Also, this study would also benefit communication students that will give them awareness that they are big contributors in shaping the society. And that it all depends in their ethical values and ability to deliver efficient films or mediums to the people. To the local mass media which are mostly the audience of this films. For their awareness of the importance and out-turn of such mediums and their contribution to social and political awareness. Scope and Limitations The study focuses on the Philippines political and social issues as portrayed in indie films and as perceived by the audience. The researcher will use four Indie movies which are randomly selected by the researcher. The researcher will conduct a film review for the respondents and will be conducting a survey based on the film the respondents watched. Though this study focuses on the social and political issues portrayed by Indie Films, it also aims to study other aspects indie film features concerning the country’s culture in the film industry to give further and broader knowledge about the Philippine indie film. The study’s locale is the Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation in Lucena City. The respondents of the study are students enrolled in Art Appreciation class, Sociology class, Ethics class, Society and Culture class and professors from the College of Arts and Sciences who are advisers of the chosen classes. Theoretical Framework The attitude change theory is adapted from psychology. Mass Communication theorists adapt these borrowed theories to questions and issues in communication. People’s behavior with regard to issues more important— democracy, ethnicity, government, and gender roles, for example is influenced by the attitudes and perceptions presented by our mass media (Baran, 2012). In respect to this theory, mass media being highly influential has a great impact to how the audience will see and understand messages delivered in Indie Films. Meanwhile the magic bullet theory, from the name itself ‘bullet’  conceptualizes on the idea that, whatever the media portrays it is easily accepted by the audience. Like a bullet that easily strikes. So, in this case whatever idea it is delivered in a social and political indie film, it is no surprise that the viewer might have a sudden change of perception towards his own. On the other hand, cultural theory has the underlying assumption that our experience of reality is an ongoing, social construction, not something that is only sent, delivered, or otherwise transmitted to a docile public†¦ Audience members don’t just passively take and store bits of information in mental filing cabinets, they actively process this information, reshape it, and store only what serves culturally defined needs (Baran, 2012). Audiences still filter what they hear and see in films. Issues being tackled in Indie movies are relatively events happening in the real world. So, it depends on the viewer whether it is the truth for him or not. Dependency theory argues that especially in our complex and changing society, people become increasingly dependent on media and media content to understand what is going on around them, to learn how to behave meaningfully, and for escape (Baran, 2012). So, Indie films features the culture particularly the social and political aspect of the country, and becomes a way to inform people about the issues being compromised. Related to this is the agenda setting, a theory that argues that media may not tell us what to think, but media certainly tell us what to think about. Television is an effective medium where the message is left for the audience to think about, unconsciously affecting the way they perceive things. This falls to cultivation theory which states that television viewing can have long-term effects that gradually affect the audience. Their primary focus falls on the effect of viewing in the attitudes of the viewer as opposed to created behavior. Media, movies in particular has that certain power to cultivate us with the messages they bring. Cultivation theory as the idea that television constructs a version of the world that, despite its potential inaccuracies, becomes the accepted reality simply because the culture believes it to be true. Similar to this is social-learning theory which tells that people can learn new ideas and behavior from watching other  people. Though actions are learned and seen on television, we cannot keep the viewers from adapting the culture of the characters in movies. Showcasing new ways of talking, dressing, socializing etc. which are different from the culture that the viewers were accustomed to. For example is the way Filipinos are today, generally the teens in their way of socializing and being liberated which is adopted from American films. Conceptual Framework Mass Communication theories such as attitude change theory, magic bullet theory, cultural theory, dependency theory and agenda setting theory. All theories that explains the role of mass media in cultivating and affecting the audiences, the families and individuals. Yet, it is hard to measure the level of influence social media has given the viewers’ when it comes to social and political issues that is conveyed in indie films. Philippine independent film is part of the mass media which cultivates and transform the way people see and perceives the social and political aspects, which can be considered as the most controversial issues today. People respond differently to films depending upon their gender, race, class, sexual orientation, and personal background. Since this art form of sending messages is part of the social media and considering the mass communication theories, it can have comparative effects in social and political views and the method of their understanding and acceptance to this matter and how it happens. To further explain the background, the researcher prepared an illustration that will serve as the conceptual paradigm. Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the study. Definitions of Term The following terms are made for clarity and more understanding Aspect as used in the study, refers to a particular part or feature of a matter Awareness means the state of having knowledge of, understanding of, appreciation, recognition, perception, or familiarity with a particular matter (http://www. thefreedictionary.com/awareness). Culture means a refined understanding or appreciation of this (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Effectiveness means existing in fact, though not formally acknowledge as such (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Forum refers to meeting or medium for an exchange of views (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Impact is a marked effect or influence (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Indie film as used in this study is a film produced not belonging to a major record company Influence refers to the power or ability to affect someone’s beliefs or actions (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Knowledge refers to information and skills acquired through experience and education and awareness or familiarity of a fact or situation (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Political refers to the government or public affairs of a country (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Portrayal means a representation or act or process of depicting or portraying (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/portrayal). Sensitivity as used in the study refers to the sensitivity of a person towards a given matter Social relating to society (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). Teacher as used in the study refers to a medium where knowledge or experience is acquired Watchdog refers to a person or a group that monitors the practices of companies providing a particular service or utility (Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003). CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURES This chapter will discuss related literatures and studies that will support the research. These studies will be contributions of information, facts and ideas regarding the Philippine independent films and how it perceives social and political issues in the country. RELATED LITERATURES Film is an artistic language which is expressed by means of images in motion, with or without sound (http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/taps/tapspp0103.pdf). Films have a historically determined form and structure that create meaning and they have a complex set of conventions to communicate meaning and make it accessible. We as viewers have helped create the structure and conventions of films by enjoying what we see on screen and wanting to see more of the same. Like all aspects of popular culture, films develop out of a curious kind of negotiation process, in which filmmakers attempt to understand what we want to see, and we let them know if they are right by buying tickets and renting videos (Kolker, 1999). There are many things in our lives that we don’t want to take seriously. Movies are one of them. We go to the movies to be entertained, scared, grossed out; to make out, spend time, have something to discuss afterward. But we don’t often want to think about movies as a serious part of our emotional or intellectual lives, or even treat them with the same intensity we use when we discuss sports or politics. Outside of a film study course we rarely hear other people engaged in a discussion of films that goes much deeper than plot or characters (Kolker, 1999). Film is not only entertainment but is part of industrial and political culture (Kolker, 1999).  All nations, our own included, understand the power of film and television to influence their people, to propagandize values and ideologies (Kolker, 1999). The unstable nature of the country is reflected in the film industry. The prospects of good films in the Philippines, according to Red, is very bleak. But he stresses, that there are encouraging signs. Whenever foreign film festivals come around, the low-budget films of alternative Filipino moviemakers are invariably invited. That fact is a clear sign, says Red, that good filmmaking has managed to endure – that in the general garbage heap of the Filipinos, a few worthy gems still manage to shine. Movies are a powerful force in Philippine society. Movies, more than just a source of entertainment, reflect a nation’s personality. On the silver screen takes shape all the hopes, dreams and fantasies of the common man: legends, love, the stuff of myths and make believe. Its heroes become larger than life, often attaining the stature of demigods. They are looked upon as  role models, serving as resources of inspiration (http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/taps/tapspp0103.pdf). In the constantly changing world of the Filipino film industry, film festivals have become windows through which the Philippines let the world see its screen images. It leaves a glimpse of ideas that tackles the issues of the country. Film making plays a major role in our industry right now, it leads into the development of the Filipino culture in terms of creativity and artistry. It may lead on reaching different people’s perspectives, and opens the mind of the people about what is really happening in the society. Indie films create a huge impact not only in the country but also internationally. It catches a lot of attention even without entering the mainstream, simply because the industry has elevated into a different level already. The writers evolve as well, gaining new ideas, different perspectives, and a lot more stories. Artistic form is best thought of relation to a perceiver, the human being who watches the play, reads the novel, listens to a piece of music, or view the film. Perception in all phases of life is an activity (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004). Movies are a powerful force in Philippine society. Movies, more than just a source of entertainment, reflect a nation’s personality. That is why it is all the more saddening to note the dismal state of our movie industry. Each week, we are confronted by a sordid parade of sex, violence, and asinine comedies (http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/taps/tapspp0103.pdf). To say that independent filmmaking has become the soul of Philippine cinema is no longer an exaggeration. For years, Filipino independent filmmakers like Kidlat Tahimik (Perfumed Nightmare, 1977), Raymond Red (Anino, 2001), and Brillante Mendoza (Kinatay, 2009) among many others have received critical acclaim worldwide. As film festivals, competitions and distribution channels such as Cinemalaya and Cinema One have motivated young maverick filmmakers in recent years, indie films have become synonymous to creative content and perspectives for many Filipinos today. Although the Philippine indie film industry has come a long way from its early developments in the Marcos era when realistic portrayal of Filipino society in the arts was not considered â€Å"beautiful† by the dictatorship, government support is still lacking to sufficiently help  indie filmmakers (http://film.culture360.asef.org/magazine/in-focus/the-situation-and-directions-of-philippine-independent-cinema/#sthash.vFxrZDtu.dpuf). According to Bohn, Hieber and Unguraid (2000), along with sleep, work and school, mass communication consumption are the activities that dominate Americans’ lives and that it consumes about one-third of the average day The rise of Philippine Independent Films may have been a big step for inspiring Filipinos who wants to captivate their audience through what their perspective is when it comes to what is going on around them. On trivial escapism is by a very curious and questioning fascination of how we Filipinos and the human beings in general relate to each other and to the world. Whether they are about social commentary, political statement, psychological study, or keen insights into human relationships, all of these topics represent controversial subjects that are catered specifically to niche audiences and markets (http://www.lideshare.net/dmonalon/philippine-indie-films-7622088). In the end, what distinguishes independent cinema is its priority for artistic endeavor (over financial gain, vis-à  -vis mainstream cinema) while still being accessible to the audience (vis-à  -vis alternative experimental cinema). Each filmmaker attempts to show his own story in an original way (http://film.culture360.asef.org/magazine/in-focus/the-situation-and-directions-of-philippine-independent-cinema/#sthash.vFxrZDtu.dpuf). According to Film.Culture.300.org., there have been several issues on Philippine independent filmmaking that have become apparent especially after its emerge a few years ago. One of these is the prevalent theme of poverty that exoticizes, even exploits, Filipino poverty. As said by a local Indie writer, Paul Sta. Ana, that the main issue here is the intention of the filmmaker which, he admits, is hard to determine. The question is whether filmmakers are producing these films because they want to reveal Filipino reality or they seek the attention of international film festivals. He says that context is crucial not only in conceptualizing and presenting the  material of the film but also understanding the subject position of the filmmaker. RELATED STUDIES The first decade of the twenty-first century is, without a doubt, a turning point or Philippine cinema. The relations and dynamics of the nation and its cinema have changed dramatically in the face of the democratization of the medium. Digital technology has shifted the landscape of production, distribution, and consumption of films in the country and has ushered in a new revitalized wave not only of independent cinema but also of studio and mainstream production towards an encompassing national cinema (Tiongson, 2013). Our films not only manifest our ingenuity, passion and creativity as a person; they also reflect our sensibilities, aspirations, and hopes as a nation (Tiongson, 2013). Philippine movies plays a vital role in the society. It has the power to build or destroy the society and its people, because film is a very influential medium. Movies as a form of artistic expression draws the widest audience because this is a very affordable kind of entertainment. For two hours or more, one could have some time for fun and relaxation (Corazon, 1996). But quality entertainment seemed hard to achieve nowadays. The filmmakers’ standards and purposes have changed, same with the moviegoers. Those good old days of the movie industry were gone. Excellent films are rarely produced and exhibited in the country. Accountable for this were the moviegoers who settle for cheaply-made flicks, and of course, the producers who cater to the public’s wants and desires to be able to gain profit. Film as an art form can transform an individual, a society, a nation. However, we have to stress the real definition of art – that it is a construct. The theory, procedure, production, dissemination and function of art (film, painting, music, dance, theater, crafts, etc.) are created or produced by individuals who are formed by the influence that perpetrate a western-based knowledge about the world and realities (Durian, 2013). It is not so much the fact that the characteristics of a country’s cinema reflect the peculiarities of its society which accounts for this relationship, but  rather the longer and less obvious facts that the artistic and moral worth of movies as a popular medium ultimately corresponds to a society’s collective mentality (Maligalig, 1997). Movies in our national experience have been composed of Foreign and Local film production, and this is a dichotomy which exist to the present day. Whenever we talk about films, audiences must be the one to choose whether they go for foreign or local films. Since we are Filipinos, we should patronize our own Tagalog movies, although Western films has its influence to our local movies. â€Å"The content of the movies does not seem much to determine the responses made and that the movie provides a powerful stimulus to fantasy life† Wallans Simpson. â€Å"Movies influenced them in regard to manners, social relations, morals, vocations and self-improvement. Invitation seems to be the single factor most apparent in their responses. After viewing a film youth are inspire to try to be like the hero, or influence their action behavior and conduct† Fleege. The effects of a movie presumably depend on the learning of material presented to members of the audience, and intelligence related ability to learn, but also it is related to other factors determining the effects of a movie. The more intelligent would be expected to be b etter in seeing general implications of the material presented even where conclusions are not explicitly drawn by the movie (Maligalig, 1997). Movies reflects the natural elements of life. Sometimes it portrays the reality of life. Furthermore, it encourages us to witness the facts and to tackle our beliefs. The influence of the movie is not only through beliefs. The influence of the movie is not only through the eyes of the viewers but also to their whole personality. It may affect the attitudes and behavior of the viewers. The encouragement of the movie makers to the viewers to the messages to the movie makers becomes negative. Why? The purpose of the movie makers is to persuade the audience and the audience purpose is to be entertained. Whatever the message is, either positive or negative, the viewers must be the agent on how to react to it. The negative effects of movie brings the viewer’s more to action (Maligalig, 1997). Mass media are capable of affecting, influencing and changing our attitudes and behavior. Whatever message id presented to us is said to have a powerful success that may either be negative or p ositive depending on how it is presented and how we are going to react to it (Maligalig, 1997) Movies, films and cinema were  aspects of art. Movies become an even more powerful medium for entertainment and the transmission of ideas, it projects reality and the illusions of reality on theatre scenes, in TV sets in millions of homes, in schools, classroom and in building walls in isolated villages (Maligalig, 1997). Viewers and moviegoers are those people who go for watching films and movies. However, they classify as the receiver and the destination whatever the message is. Whenever we talk about messages, it creates knowledge and information which will become the receiver’s thinking and how to react to it (Maligalig, 1997). Under this condition, the viewers will not be benefited and will emerge as losers in the end. Why? The producers will continue making money with their low budgeted and cheaply made flicks. Not to mention the negative effects entailed by these types of films to the viewers. Hence, the moviegoers should rise from their long sleep and demand for more quality pictures. Through this, we can help bring back those days of the Philippine cinema (Mendoza, 1996). CHAPTER III METHODS AND PROCEDURES This chapter tackles about the techniques and procedures that will be used by the researcher in coming up with the study. It includes the research design, research locale, respondents, sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment and the analytical framework. Research Design In this study, the researcher used a quantitative approach. Specifically, a reception analysis which aims to identify the aspect, and system of communication Philippine independent film has that dominates Filipinos when it comes to their perspective in political and social issues and how this films deliver their messages. Related literatures and studies will be analyzed in order to support and provide more information to the answers provided by the respondents together with the summarized findings of the questionnaire. Research Locale The study will be conducted in Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation because of its proximity and the availability of the necessary data. The researcher chose the locale because of the respondents’ abilities in answering the given questions. In order to get different perceptions coming from people from different backgrounds and culture the researcher would be conducting the survey to five different classes specifically; Art Appreciation, Society and Culture w/ FP, STD, HIV &ADIS, Socio-Anthropology, Philippine Literature and Ethics. Respondents The respondents of the study would be coming from several classes. Particularly Art Appreciation classes, Socio-Anthropology class, Society and Culture, and Ethics classes. Professors from this classes would also be given a questionnaire, believing that they have more experience and wider point of view and knowledge about the political and social issues in the Philippines and they would have more proficiency when it comes in interpreting Indie Films. The five classes were chosen in order to have answers coming from students with somewhat relevant curriculum which we can relate in understanding films, specifically Philippine indie film. And get different point of views as well from students from different backgrounds and have different attitudes. Sampling Procedure The sampling design used by the researcher is purposive sampling and random sampling. The purposive sampling is used to gather different perceptions regarding the study, this goes for the students from the different classes and the professors. And the random sampling would be used for the Mass communication students and Psychology students in order to have comparisons between the respondent’s reactions. This design is also used so that there would be a balance answer coming from those who study and familiarizes themselves with films and its effects on viewers and those who does not. Research Instrument The researcher will use a questionnaire in order to supply necessary information to complete the study. In order for the researcher to conduct an  interview and survey, the researcher will conduct a film review for the four (4) chosen classes. Aside from the questionnaires and copies of indie films, conclusions from different materials regarding Philippine independent film and articles about the country’s political and social issues will also be used in order to support the study. The researcher will also put her personal conclusion in addition of the study. Data Gathering Procedures The researcher gathered materials and information from books, internet sites, articles and related studies for further issues. Articles and related literatures will be analyzed in order to support the study. It is also used to widen the ideas and add knowledge for the study. Questionnaires will be distributed to the respondents to get perceptions. Later on, the researcher will analyze the gathered data and will interpret the information. The summary will be from the outcomes of the gathered materials information and from the interpretation made from the questionnaires. Statistical Treatment There will be two procedures in formulating the gathered data. The gathered data will be tallied and tabulated through the use of the following formula: This formula will be used for the demographic profile and in formulating the survey. 1. Percentage P=_f_ x 100 N where: P=percentage f=frequency/number of responses n=total number of respondents 2. 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